Почуття провини як компонент психологічного клімату у родині, де росте дитина з особливими потребами

Abstract

У статті розглянуто проблему впливу психологічного клімату на становлення особистості дитини з пис- хофізіологічними вадами. Висвітлюються основні функції сім’ї та їх порушення у зв’язку з появою дитини з

особливими потребами. Акцентується увага на емоційному стані батьків. Розглядається негативний вплив батьківських переживань на психоемоційний стан дитини. Також визначається роль матері та її ставлення

до дитини у процесі виховання. Висвітлюються останні дослідження, в яких брали участь батьки, що вихову- ють дітей з обмеженими можливостями (ДЦП, розумова відсталість, порушення органів слуху, аутизм) та

функціональними розладами (енурез, енкопрез, заїкання, анорексія)The issue of the influence of psychological climate on the formation of a personality of a child with mental and physical disorders is examined in the article. The main functions of a family and their description due to the birth of a child with special needs are presented. Special attention is paid to the emotional state of parents having a disabled child. The negative influence of parents’ feelings on the psycho-emotional state of a child is considered. Besides, mother’s role and her attitude towards her disabled child in the process of upbringing are highlighted. The latest researches, involving parents, who have children with special needs (cerebral palsy, mental deficiency, disorders of hearing organs, autism) and functional disorders (enuresis, encopresis, stammering, anorexia) are described. The personality peculiarities of a child with disabilities, who is raised in a family with the violation of the main functions of intrafamilial relations, are considered. The necessity of creation of family schools, where parents can share the experience of raising children with special needs with each other, is proved by the fact that they need the support of people with the same problems. The influence of socio-cultural stereotypes

towards a child is explained by the fact that one of the most important today’s problems is common orientation at public opi- nion and other people’s assessment. “The child image” and the maladjustment of a child to this stereotype are in most cases

determined by common values and society attitudes. In particular, modern culture is focused on social and intellectual achievements, as well as the degree of social intercourse. Socio-cultural traditions and social values make child’s disorders the strongest psychological trauma for parents. Negative attitude of the society towards people with mental or physical disabilities makes the status of such people and their families even worse. Some elements of parents’ negative influence on their child’s state are sorrow, hyperprotection, limitations of activity, manifestations of emotional stresses (crying, wailing, etc.) in child’s

sight, fear of the future, paying no attention to other members of the family. In this context, such families need a family con- sultation and psychotherapy held by a professional (psychologist). It allows to solve family conflicts and to repair relations in

a family and the interaction with the society.